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Problems Microscopic fungi of wheat
HORTOVÁ, Bronislava
The aim of thesis was to monitor the natural occurrence, frequency and species diversity of microscopic fungi. The incidence was evaluated according to various environmental factors (soil reaction, the farming, crop, geographical location). Experimental crop was wheat, it was a variety Ebi, Alka, Meritto, Aranka and Zuzana. Samples of wheat were of three habitats - Lukavec, Prague-Ruzyne and Ceske Budejovice. The monitoring frequency of microscopic fungi has focused on Fusarium fungi. The incidence was monitored in terms of the impact site conditions, before crop, production system and the course of weather in a given year. A secondary attempt was to determine the yield of certain indicators. It was the determination of germination, the weight of one thousand seeds and the dimensional weight.
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Diversity and taxonomy of fungi inhabiting extremely acidic and saline soils of natural and anthropogenic origin in the Czech Republic
Hujslová, Martina ; Kubátová, Alena (advisor) ; Tomšovský, Michal (referee) ; Gunde-Cimerman, Nina (referee)
Highly acidic environments represent some of the most extreme habitats for the microbial growth. For a long time it has been assumed that these sites are populated exclusively by prokaryotes. However recently, eukaryotic organisms including fungi have been found to be abundant and important component of acidophilic communities. Concerning fungal diversity only fragmentary data are available indicating that highly acidic sites harbour specific and low-diversified fungal communities dominated by dematiaceous fungi. In the present work we focused on the cultivable mycobiota occupying highly acidic (pH < 3) soils which are at the same time saline (sulfate-rich) and are located at geographically isolated localities in the Czech Republic. This study should provide a deep insight into the diversity and biogeographical pattern of acidophilic/tolerant fungi. A combination of classical and specialized cultivation techniques was successfully applied since it significantly contributed to the broadening of the detected fungal spectrum. The revealed fungal assemblages inhabiting highly acidic sites worldwide are closely similar and differ from the ones known from less acidic habitats. The core of the fungal assemblage under study consisted of phylogenetically unrelated and often globally distributed fungi...
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Diversity and taxonomy of Trichoderma in the Czech Republic
Valinová, Šárka ; Kubátová, Alena (advisor) ; Nováková, Alena (referee)
Genus Trichoderma - anamorph of the genus Hypocrea (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) belongs to saprotrophic filamentous micromycetes. The representatives of this genus are known primarily as cosmopolitan inhabitants of soil ecosystems, including leaf litter and woody debris. This work summarizes the results of the study of isolates belonging to the genus Trichoderma originating from the territory of the Czech Republic, mainly from soil and leaf litter. During the study, altogether 267 isolates were analysed. For all of the isolates the following methods were used: phenotypic characterisation, UP-PCR fingerprinting, gene sequencing in tef 1α and ITS regions, and in the strain AK 115/00 also in rpb2 region. The main result of the study was the identification of 21 species of genus Trichoderma belonging into 4 groups and discovery of one isolate of species yet unknown to science. Species T. crassum, T. gamsii, T. ghanense, T. rossicum and T. longipile were found in the Czech Republic for the first time. According to the literature review and results of this study, 34 different Trichoderma species is currently known from the Czech Republic. In the work there is also discussed low reliability of identification of certain species based only on phenotypic characters. Key words:...
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Diversity and taxonomy of fungi inhabiting extremely acidic and saline soils of natural and anthropogenic origin in the Czech Republic
Hujslová, Martina ; Kubátová, Alena (advisor) ; Tomšovský, Michal (referee) ; Gunde-Cimerman, Nina (referee)
Highly acidic environments represent some of the most extreme habitats for the microbial growth. For a long time it has been assumed that these sites are populated exclusively by prokaryotes. However recently, eukaryotic organisms including fungi have been found to be abundant and important component of acidophilic communities. Concerning fungal diversity only fragmentary data are available indicating that highly acidic sites harbour specific and low-diversified fungal communities dominated by dematiaceous fungi. In the present work we focused on the cultivable mycobiota occupying highly acidic (pH < 3) soils which are at the same time saline (sulfate-rich) and are located at geographically isolated localities in the Czech Republic. This study should provide a deep insight into the diversity and biogeographical pattern of acidophilic/tolerant fungi. A combination of classical and specialized cultivation techniques was successfully applied since it significantly contributed to the broadening of the detected fungal spectrum. The revealed fungal assemblages inhabiting highly acidic sites worldwide are closely similar and differ from the ones known from less acidic habitats. The core of the fungal assemblage under study consisted of phylogenetically unrelated and often globally distributed fungi...
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Diversity and taxonomy of Trichoderma in the Czech Republic
Valinová, Šárka ; Kubátová, Alena (advisor) ; Nováková, Alena (referee)
Genus Trichoderma - anamorph of the genus Hypocrea (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) belongs to saprotrophic filamentous micromycetes. The representatives of this genus are known primarily as cosmopolitan inhabitants of soil ecosystems, including leaf litter and woody debris. This work summarizes the results of the study of isolates belonging to the genus Trichoderma originating from the territory of the Czech Republic, mainly from soil and leaf litter. During the study, altogether 267 isolates were analysed. For all of the isolates the following methods were used: phenotypic characterisation, UP-PCR fingerprinting, gene sequencing in tef 1α and ITS regions, and in the strain AK 115/00 also in rpb2 region. The main result of the study was the identification of 21 species of genus Trichoderma belonging into 4 groups and discovery of one isolate of species yet unknown to science. Species T. crassum, T. gamsii, T. ghanense, T. rossicum and T. longipile were found in the Czech Republic for the first time. According to the literature review and results of this study, 34 different Trichoderma species is currently known from the Czech Republic. In the work there is also discussed low reliability of identification of certain species based only on phenotypic characters. Key words:...
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Detekce mikrobiální kontaminace molekulárně-biologickými metodami v kořeninové paprice
Machálková, Zuzana
Dryed pepper is one of the most used spice in many parts of the world. The presence of undesirable pathogens can be a serious problem for consumers. Especially contamination by microscopic fungi, some of which produce mycotoxins representatives, poses a great threat to humans. Today's conventional method for determining contamination by microorganisms are time consuming and some less common types of pathogens can be difficult to determine. In the context of this thesis were applied molecular biology methods for detection of contamination in samples of pepper. There were selected ITS regions for sequencing, which show high variability between species and organisms are an appropriate tool for the taxonomy. The sequence analysis of the ITS regions were identified by sequence high similarity with the ITS regions of many microscopic fungi especially representatives of the class of Ascomycotina and several yeast species. The work was a qualitative rather than a quantitative detection, which does not exclude the wholesomeness of the samples, which is proven by health protocols.
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Problems Microscopic Fungi of Oat
ŠTÝSOVÁ, Kateřina
This paper deals with evaluation of presence of pathogenic fungi in oats, in 4 strains and their variants, ways of treatment during growing season. As well, presence rate of studied phytopathogenic fungi, strategy of loss estimate and evalution of intensity of disease are determined. Furhermore, infection of pathogenes of Fusarium fungi is monitored, including evaluation of yield-forming elements. The purpose of in vitro experiments is to observe surficial microflora on oat seed.
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